The Climate Change Committee (CCC) 2025 Report to Parliament published on 30 April 2025 on Progress in adapting to climate change.
The CCC writes:
The increasing impacts of climate change are clear, both globally and in the UK. Adaptation is needed now to ensure that the UK is prepared for today’s extreme weather as well as the rapidly increasing severity of future risks. The costs of these impacts are already being felt, and the risks will continue to grow even if international targets to limit global warming are met. Action is needed now whilst we still have the opportunity to address these risks in a way that is both cost-effective and timely. This report assesses the extent to which the UK’s Third National Adaptation Programme (NAP3) and its implementation are preparing the UK for climate change. It is the Committee’s first statutory progress report on NAP3 and builds on our initial Independent Assessment of the Third National Adaptation Programme, published in March 2024. It is also the Committee’s first statutory progress report on NAP3 for the new UK Government.
The key messages of our assessment are:
- The UK’s preparations for climate change are inadequate. Delivery of effective adaptation remains limited and, despite some progress, planning for adaptation continues to be piecemeal and disjointed. The vast majority of our assessment outcomes have the same low scores as in 2023. In terms of adaptation delivery, we do not find evidence to score a single outcome as ‘good’. Adaptation progress is either too slow, has stalled, or is heading in the wrong direction. Whilst there is some evidence of policies and plans improving, it is clear that NAP3 has been ineffective in driving the critical shift towards effective delivery of adaptation highlighted in our previous progress report in 2023.
- The Government has yet to change the UK’s inadequate approach to tackling climate risks. The current government’s manifesto promised to ‘improve resilience and preparation across central government, local authorities, local communities, and emergency services’. It inherited a NAP that fell short of the task of preparing the UK for the climate change we are experiencing today, let alone that coming in the future. Our assessment finds little evidence of a change of course. The slow pace of change indicates that adaptation is not yet a top priority across government.
- The Government must act without further delay to improve the national approach to climate resilience. A new approach is still possible. We recommend four key areas of action to raise the profile of adaptation across government and drive a more effective response to the UK’s changing climate.
- Improve objectives and targets. This is the vital first step to provide an actionable and measurable framework for the rest of government and beyond. As part of this, the Government must communicate clearly the respective roles of government, the private sector and households in delivering and funding adaptation.
- Improve coordination across government. Adaptation and climate risks are still only weakly integrated with wider government resilience efforts and other key policy agendas. Greater coordination across activities, spending decisions, sectors, and departments is required. Government adaptation efforts must be better linked with wider resilience planning to ensure that adaptation becomes a true cross-government priority.
- Integrate adaptation into all relevant policies. The next Spending Review needs to ensure that climate adaptation planning is supported with sufficient resources across government. Public assets, and critical public services such as the NHS, need to be resilient to current and future weather so that they can operate effectively, and in the case of new infrastructure, without costly retrofitting. The Government’s policy agenda can help to close key policy gaps identified in this report, but only if climate resilience is adequately incorporated into their forthcoming strategies and plans.
- Implement monitoring, evaluation and learning across all sectors. Adequate monitoring and evaluation, underpinned by regular data collection and reporting, is essential to track climate impacts and the effect of adaptation measures at a national level. It is also needed to ensure future planning learns from what is effective. The long-standing gap of an effective monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation must finally be closed.
The rest of this executive summary is organised in three sections:
- Climate change in the UK
- Progress on adaptation under the Third National Adaptation Programme
- Sectoral priorities for adaptation
Read more….
