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London, New York, Tokyo, Paris and Hong Kong \u2013 these famous cities dominate the world economy but, The Conversation argues, they are not representative of the rest of the world\u2019s urban residents as, while 54% of the global population lives in cities, around half of those live in cities that have 500,000 inhabitants or fewer.<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
The Conversation writes:<\/p>\n
These \u2018ordinary\u2019 cities can be overlooked by politicians, investors, researchers and big businesses. But they are dynamic places with many layers of social, cultural and economic significance. After experiencing a period of post-industrial decline, many such cities are looking to change their fortunes, through urban regeneration programmes.<\/p>\n
But that doesn\u2019t mean they have to follow the same path as other urban areas. In fact, my research into urban development has found that ordinary cities can avoid some of the ill-effects of regeneration, by embracing what makes them unique.<\/p>\n
The creative city<\/strong><\/p>\n At the turn of the century, city leaders became increasingly fixated on the idea of the \u2018creative city\u2019, championed by academics-turned-advisers including Richard Florida and Charles Landry. The idea was to encourage a \u2018creative class\u2019 of talented workers to make their homes and businesses in cities, by creating urban spaces that are open, inclusive and diverse, as well as attractive and technologically advanced.<\/p>\n \u2018Regeneration\u2019 became a buzzword associated with these types of strategies, which seek to repurpose seemingly disused or rundown spaces to support an economy led by creative and technological industries. The apparent success of creative city policies was seen in post-industrial centres such as Detroit, US, following investments in cultural, artistic and musical urban renewal.<\/p>\n Such policies swiftly became the go-to strategy for seemingly \u2018ordinary\u2019 post-industrial cities around the world, even resulting in new rankings that pit cities against each other, based on criteria including entrepreneurship, urban leadership and \u2018liveability\u2019. Having plenty of former industrial spaces that can be adapted for new uses, and a desire to be noticed on the national or global stage, encourages investment in urban regeneration…<\/p>\n The downsides<\/strong><\/p>\n Yet regeneration programmes inspired by the creative city agenda can cause problems. Property developers and foreign investors have recognised the economic potential of real estate in \u2018creative\u2019 cities. This has led to rocketing land costs, and many low-income residents have felt the effects of being displaced from their homes.<\/p>\n What\u2019s more, creative city policies can lead to similar development techniques being applied to dissimilar places. For example, accusations of \u2018artwashing\u2019 are now common in cities across the world, as authorities or developers commission artists and cultural institutions to run creative projects in an area, to help it become more appealing to tourists and young people \u2013 sometimes at the expense of those who live there.<\/p>\n But \u2018ordinary\u2019 cities can champion their individuality to avoid this fate. Take my home of Coventry, UK, for example: a post-industrial city looking to modernise. Located in the West Midlands, with a population of around 360,000, Coventry will be the third UK City of Culture in 2021 \u2013 a title designed to \u2018use culture as a catalyst for economic and social regeneration\u2019.<\/p>\n During my PhD fieldwork there, I\u2019ve investigated how Coventry has drawn on its rich history and culture to resist generic creative city policies. Though the residents I spoke to have not always felt included in regeneration efforts, there is still much to be learned from the city\u2019s approach to urban renewal.<\/p>\n Coventry\u2019s City of Culture bid sought to show how the regeneration programme would be local, personal and inclusive of the city\u2019s diversity. And in some ways, it has been successful. As the home of bands including The Specials and The Selecter, Coventry was a launch pad for the anti-racist, two-tone music scene in the 1980s. The 2Tone taxi project celebrates the ska scene, as well as Coventry\u2019s role in manufacturing London\u2019s iconic black cabs; while touring the city in a taxi, passengers can find out more about the people and places of Coventry, as well as adding their own suggestions for the itinerary.<\/p>\n Another inclusive project which has been part of the lead up to City of Culture 2021 is the Foleshill Mile Map, co-created with local communities to pinpoint the multicultural offerings in one of Coventry\u2019s neighbourhoods. Not only does this champion local input through collaborative working, it also reflects Coventry\u2019s identity as one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the UK.<\/p>\n Yet as more cities seek to emphasise their cultural assets, city leaders and policy makers must be aware of the negative impacts that can arise if local residents are not central to the decision-making process. For example, in Lisbon, Portugal, the arrival of the Time Out Market and LX Factory creative village have increased tourism, leading to anti-gentrification protests and even laws being enforced to avoid displacing long-term residents, as rents continue to rise. This highlights the need to consider local contexts and communities before implementing copy cat creative policies.<\/p>\n As witnesses of vast social and cultural change over the past century, Coventrians can offer a new outlook on an often overlooked city, and prove that being \u2018sent to Coventry\u2019 need not be a punishment. Culture-led regeneration processes, such as the UK City of Culture title, can offer opportunities to attract investment and increase the civic pride among citizens. And Coventry shows how other \u2018ordinary\u2019 cities can approach urban renewal, with local stories and communities at the heart of the process. But authorities and leaders must be careful to maintain this priority throughout the journey \u2013 or risk repeating the same mistakes.<\/p>\n Read more….<\/a><\/p>\n See options and download the\u00a0SPONSORSHIP BROCHURE<\/a><\/p>\n See more on the\u00a0IHBC\u2019s Annual Schools<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" London, New York, Tokyo, Paris and Hong Kong \u2013 these famous cities dominate the world economy but, The Conversation argues, they are not representative of the rest of the world\u2019s urban residents as, while 54% of the global population lives … Continue reading ![\"\"](\"https:\/\/newsblogs.ihbc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/AS2020_Brighton_Promotional_Opportunities-210x300.png\")
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